Despite numerous economic challenges, consumer spending has remained remarkably resilient. The U.S. Census Bureau’s release of September retail sales showed strong results, solidifying consumers’ willingness to spend. But with the holiday season approaching, it remains to be seen whether consumers will continue their strong spending or begin to pull back in light of financial pressures.
Consumer sentiment is fading
The University of Michigan’s consumer sentiment index dropped to a six-month low of 60.4 in November, down from 63.8 a month earlier. Consumer sentiment around current and future economic conditions also continues to fall with both figures maintaining downward trends in October.
There are several factors contributing to the consumer mindset, including gasoline prices that spiked in September, rising interest rates, growing inflation concerns and the return of student loan payments. These factors are not affecting consumers equally, with lower income groups feeling more pressure than higher income brackets who are better equipped to manage economic headwinds.
The Federal Reserve’s battle with inflation through policy rate hikes resulted in the current range of 5.25% to 5.5%. While the Fed held rates steady in the most recent November meeting, the ripple effects of previous hikes are being felt throughout the economy in a number of ways, including higher credit card and mortgage interest rates that are challenging consumers.
Lower-income consumers under pressure
According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, credit card balances rose significantly to $1.08 trillion in the third quarter, which is no surprise given recent healthy consumer spending readings and gross domestic product growth.
As consumers in the lower-income brackets struggle with higher prices and deplete their excess savings, many are likely turning to credit cards more frequently for basic living expenses.
The most recently released third quarter Household Debt and Credit Report, published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Center for Microeconomic Data, noted that credit card delinquencies have surpassed pre-pandemic levels with the third-quarter credit card delinquency rate rising to 5.8% from 5.1% a quarter earlier. Further, 2% of credit card users moved from current to delinquent by 30 days or more on at least one account in the quarter, higher than the third-quarter average of 1.7% from 2015 to 2019.
Credit card delinquencies are rising across income brackets, but the lowest earners are experiencing the highest rates. In an analysis compiled by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Consumer Credit Panel/Equifax and American Community Survey, credit card users were compiled into four equally sized income quartiles based on ZIP code median income. When the delinquency rates of each quartile were analyzed, all four quartiles had delinquency rates above pre-pandemic figures, but the lowest quartile had the highest rate.
Lower-income consumers are continuing to feel economic strain from mounting credit card debt and shrinking savings, as well as gasoline and shelter costs that, while improving, remain elevated.
These factors are accompanied by the return of student loan payments, which are also weighing on consumers. We are anticipating that the payments will have only a modest economic impact; however, it’s yet another cash outflow that consumers will have to account for as they carry out their holiday shopping.
Higher income consumers are ready to spend
Even with consumer confidence faltering, retail sales have remained strong, with month-over-month growth of 0.8% and 0.7% in August and September, respectively, according to U.S. Census Bureau data. We anticipate that this trend will continue through the holiday season.
The factors contributing to degrading economic sentiment are most impactful, though, for lower income groups, while over 60% of spending is generally facilitated by higher-income consumers who continue to have the means to support robust spending.
Read more RSM retail insights in our quarterly industry outlook.
According to the 2023 U.S. Holiday Survey and Outlook prepared by Coresight Research, 41.4% of respondents who have a household income of $50,000 or less indicated that they anticipate spending less this holiday season than in the prior year compared with 31.4% of households with an income of $100,000 or more.
Conversely, 35.8% of consumers with a household income of $100,000 or more expected to spend more this season while only 27.0% of households with an income of $50,000 or less expected to do so.
These results speak to the fact that households in different income categories are being affected by economic factors to varying degrees, which is reflected in their holiday spending plans.
As we explored in the first article of our holiday series, a strong labor market and solid wage growth will provide consumers with the resources they need to support their holiday spending. In addition, those in higher income brackets hold a majority of the excess savings remaining in the economy which, based on RSM’s most recent estimate, is between $400 billion and $1.3 trillion, supplementing the funds available for holiday expenditures.
The takeaway
While declining consumer sentiment may correlate to a slower holiday retail season, it most likely won’t be a predictor for any significant pullback in spending given the ample resources that consumers have remaining to bankroll their holiday cheer this year.
This article is part of our series on holiday shopping business insights. Look for our next article and check out additional retail insights.
