(This post has been updated from its original version on Feb. 4, 2020, to reflect the SEC’s adoption of amendments to the “accredited investor” definition.)
Every four years, the Securities and Exchange Commission is required by the 2010 Dodd-Frank law to modify the rules protecting investors. The original protections were put in place in 1982, but with the relentless pace of change in innovation, technology and investment options, those rules may quickly become outdated or irrelevant.
The commission approves a much-needed update to rules that protect investors.
This is particularly true when it comes to the stunning growth of the family office as an investment vehicle. The concept is simple in theory: a wealthy family decides to form its own firm to look after its assets rather than rely on an outside investment adviser such as a private equity firm.
But providing safeguards has been a more difficult proposition. So in an effort to bring clarity to what constitutes a family office, the SEC in December 2019 approved measures that would streamline the definition of an accredited investor by establishing minimum asset and oversight standards.
And on Aug. 26, 2020, the SEC adopted all the amendments of the accredited investor definition, which means that family offices and family office clients will need to meet an official standard before investing in the future. As long as family offices meet this standard, they will be able to invest in the private markets, including private equity, venture capital and hedge funds.
Why now?
For years, the definition of a family office was unclear. Several musty pieces of legislation – the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Securities Act of 1933, and the Investment Company Act of 1940 – all had some legal authority over the industry.
Then in 2011, a new rule – separate from reform under Dodd-Frank – was adopted to allow family offices to provide investment advice to family members without having to register with the SEC. While this rule made it easier to establish an investment vehicle for a family, it still did not institutionalize any minimum standards for net income or wealth.
In recent years, though, pressure has been building for clarification – especially as hedge funds and private equity firms have increasingly sought to convert into a family office in a move to ease the regulatory burdens tied to operating outside money.
According to PitchBook, a research firm that compiles data on private investment and tracks family offices, there are more than 1,800 family offices around the globe, with more than 800 within the United States alone. And there are most likely more, because some family offices simply do register and are not captured in PitchBook’s data. According to a study by Campden Wealth, an independent research company, family offices manage about $4 trillion globally.
This adoption of the amendments by the SEC will provide a level of comfort for family offices engaging in direct deals as an uniform definition is now put into place.
Adopted guidance
The adopted amendments would treat any family office as an accredited investor if the below are satisfied:
- The office has at least $5 million is assets under management.
- The office was not formed for the specific purpose of investing in the securities offered.
- Purchases are made by a competent person who has knowledge of evaluating the merits and risks of a potential investment.
Impact of the amendments
Randy Abeles, principal in RSM’s family office business, said it succinctly, “Family offices come in all shapes and sizes and the differences from one to another can be vast.”
The SEC acknowledges that most existing and newly created family offices will exceed the low hurdle of $5 million in assets under management. In addition, recent trends in the data show that most family offices are led by a competent family member or investment committee that has experience in making investments that require sophistication.
But there are cases where it’s not so clear. This decision by the SEC to provide an uniform definition of a family office is much needed for a sector of the economy that is expected to grow as the consolidation of capital results from an increase in the number of families looking to keep affairs private.
What happens next?
The adopted amendments which revise Rule 501(a), Rule 215, and Rule 144A of the Securities Act will become effective 60 days after publications in the Federal Register.
