As India has gained prominence in the global economy, its central bank, the Reserve Bank of India, has wisely increased the level of foreign exchange holdings. These reserves are necessary to maintain payments for imports should there be a global economic financial crisis or a sudden devaluation of the ... READ MORE >
U.S. dollar
Morning market minute: The end of the Indian rupee’s effective dollar peg
A currency is a two-sided instrument. In the case of the Indian rupee-U.S. dollar exchange rate, the demand for the rupee has been overwhelmed by the demand for the dollar and a loss of competitiveness over the two years that the Reserve Bank of India has maintained a de-facto peg to the dollar. Now, ... READ MORE >
Identifying countries at risk as the U.S. dollar surges
Over the past year the real trade-weighted dollar index has appreciated 6.88% because of a combination of interest rate differentials, strong growth and expectations of reduced regulation, lower taxes and increased government spending. With these trends showing no sign of easing, the greenback will ... READ MORE >
Servicing external debt in a strong-dollar environment
Strong U.S. economic growth, the advent of industrial policy and the arrival of expansionary fiscal policy next year have all caused the greenback to soar in value recently, with more increases on the way. But the dollar’s strength is coming at price for emerging markets, which must pay more to service ... READ MORE >
Global currency reserves: BRIC economies not supplanting U.S. any time soon
The notion of the BRIC economies—Brazil, Russia, India and China—putting together an alternative to the U.S. dollar is neither new nor has it been effective. The idea was floated over the weekend in a threat by President-elect Donald Trump to place 100% tariffs on the BRIC economies if they move to ... READ MORE >
A nascent dollar bloc: Re-globalization amid U.S.-Chinese tensions
The fragmenting of free trade around the world and the rise of industrial policy have resulted in the nascent formation of a trade, finance and currency bloc organized around American economic and security interests. Although not formalized, the democracies in the West and their primary trading ... READ MORE >
American outperformance in the global economy
One of the more underdiscussed economic developments following the shocks of the pandemic has been the outperformance of the United States economy compared with its G-7 peers. Over the past eight quarters, the American economy has grown at a 2.9% annualized pace and is on track to grow at or above ... READ MORE >
Why a strong dollar is in America’s best interests
A strong dollar is good for the American economy. Not only does a strong dollar mean that there is a healthy demand for American-made goods and services, but, perhaps more important, it’s also a show of confidence in the U.S. government and financial institutions. Like any asset, the dollar’s value ... READ MORE >
Intervening in foreign exchange markets: The poverty of dollar devaluation
The United States has become a magnet for global capital as investors flock to its resilient economy because of interest rate and growth differentials between the U.S. and its major trading partners and a structural budget deficit featuring robust spending on infrastructure, supply chain resilience and ... READ MORE >
U.S. economic outlook: Expansion continues into 2024
Solid consumer spending driven by real personal income gains and sustained private investment will underscore a steady pace of growth at or near the 1.8% long-run rate in the United States in 2024. We expect that policy tailwinds from both the fiscal and monetary authorities will set the stage for ... READ MORE >