A currency is a two-sided instrument. In the case of the Indian rupee-U.S. dollar exchange rate, the demand for the rupee has been overwhelmed by the demand for the dollar and a loss of competitiveness over the two years that the Reserve Bank of India has maintained a de-facto peg to the dollar. Now, ... READ MORE >
Morning market minute: Do frothy financial markets present risk in 2025?
It is said that the economy is not the stock market. That is true; however, the stock market is critical to supporting household spending. In our contemporary K-shaped economy, where higher-income consumers have thrived while those with lower incomes have struggled, paying close attention to the link ... READ MORE >
Morning market minute: US term premium and higher yields
The decomposition of bond yields rests on two factors: first, expectations, or the average of future short-term interest rates; and second, a term premium that reflects compensation demanded by investors to hold riskier long-term bonds. Given that expectations are anchored by Federal Reserve policy ... READ MORE >
Identifying countries at risk as the U.S. dollar surges
Over the past year the real trade-weighted dollar index has appreciated 6.88% because of a combination of interest rate differentials, strong growth and expectations of reduced regulation, lower taxes and increased government spending. With these trends showing no sign of easing, the greenback will ... READ MORE >
Stubborn inflation not stopping the U.S. consumer from spending
Stubborn and sticky inflation did not prevent the American consumer from tapping rising real incomes in November as the economy approached the traditional holiday season. Personal income increased by 0.3%, personal spending by 0.4% and real spending by 0.3% as households used the 1.1% increase in ... READ MORE >
Morning market minute: The strange logic of economic populism and government shutdowns
The prospect of a government shutdown and another unnecessary standoff in Congress over raising the nation's debt ceiling are providing a lump of coal in Americans’ holiday stockings. At issue are a $110 billion disaster relief bill, an extension of the farm bill and a two-year proposed suspension ... READ MORE >
Global economic outlook for 2025: Modest growth amid trade tensions
Global growth in 2025 will expand at a modest 2.5% pace as the sluggish recovery from the pandemic continues, according to our forecast. This forecast accounts for an expectation of higher import taxes in the U.S. market, particularly for goods that flow through Chinese supply chains. Developed ... READ MORE >
Fed cuts rates as it signals a prudent pause to assess policy uncertainty
The Federal Reserve reduced its policy rate by 25 basis points to a range between 4.25% and 4.5% at its meeting on Wednesday while communicating to policymakers and the public that its reductions will be on pause until it gets a better sense of the policy changes to come. We are updating our ... READ MORE >
Morning market minute: What the Treasury yield curve is saying about the economy
Three months ago, in the week before the Federal Reserve’s first rate cut in the current cycle, the bond market was pricing in a two-year yield of 3.58%. The two-year yield has since risen to 4.23%, an increase of 65 basis points at a time when the Fed is cutting interest rates. Two-year yields are ... READ MORE >
Inflation risk premium suggests higher yields ahead
As the yield on the 10-year Treasury advances toward 4.5%—which is our baseline forecast for next year—the inflation risk premium is supporting that move. The inflation risk premium is the compensation that investors demand for the possibility that inflation may rise, or fall, and that premium is ... READ MORE >